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Read and write data across networks - arbitrary TCP and UDP connections and listens.
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hostname can be a numerical IP address or a symbolic hostname (unless the -n option is given). In general, a hostname must be specified, unless the -l option is given (in which case the local host is used).
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port[s] can be single integers or ranges. Ranges are in the form nn-mm. In general, a destination port must be specified, unless the -U option is given (in which case a socket must be specified).
The nc (or netcat) utility is used for just about anything under the sun involving TCP or UDP. It can open TCP connections, send UDP packets, listen on arbitrary TCP and UDP ports, do port scanning, and deal with both IPv4 and IPv6. Unlike telnet(1), nc scripts nicely, and separates error messages onto standard error instead of sending them to standard output, as telnet(1) does with some.
Nc Machine Full Form
Common uses include:
- Simple TCP proxies
- Shell-script based HTTP clients and servers
- Network daemon testing
- A SOCKS or HTTP ProxyCommand for ssh(1)
Client / Server Model
Netcat can perform basic client/server functions that allow 'chat' between machines.
On one console, start nc listening on a specific port for a connection:
# On a computer A with IP 10.10.10.10 we listen on port 64
$ nc -l -p 64
On one console, start nc listening on a specific port for a connection:
# On a computer A with IP 10.10.10.10 we listen on port 64
$ nc -l -p 64
nc is now listening on port 64 for a connection. On a second console (or a second machine), connect to the machine and port being listened on:
$ nc 127.0.0.1 64
$ nc 127.0.0.1 64
There should now be a connection between the ports. Anything typed at the second console will be concatenated to the first, and vice-versa. After the connection has been set up, nc does not really care which side is being used as a `server' and which side is being used as a `client'. The connection may be terminated using an EOF (^D).
Data Transfer
The example in the previous section can be expanded to build a basic data transfer model. Any information input into one end of the connection will be output to the other end, and input and output can be easily captured in order to emulate file transfer.
Start by using nc to listen on a specific port, with output captured into a file:
$ nc -l 64 > filename.out
$ nc -l 64 > filename.out
Using a second machine, connect to the listening nc process, feeding it the file which is to be transferred:
$ nc host.example.com 64 < filename.in
or
$ cat filename.in | nc host.example.com -p 64
$ nc host.example.com 64 < filename.in
or
$ cat filename.in | nc host.example.com -p 64
After the file has been transferred, the connection will close automatically.
Talking to Servers
It is sometimes useful to talk to servers 'by hand' rather than through a user interface. It can aid in troubleshooting, when it might be necessary to verify what data a server is sending in response to commands issued by the client. For example, to retrieve the home page of a web site: $ echo -n 'GET / HTTP/1.0rnrn' | nc host.example.com 80
Note that this also displays the headers sent by the web server. They can be filtered, using a tool such as sed(1), if necessary. More complicated examples can be built up when the user knows the format of requests required by the server. As another example, an email may be submitted to an SMTP server using:
Port Scanning
It may be useful to know which ports are open and running services on a target machine. The -z flag can be used to tell nc to report open ports, rather than initiate a connection. For example:
$ nc -z host.example.com 20-30
$ nc -z host.example.com 20-30
Connection to host.example.com 22 port [tcp/ssh] succeeded!
Connection to host.example.com 25 port [tcp/smtp] succeeded!
The port range was specified to limit the search to ports 20 - 30.
Alternatively, it might be useful to know which server software is running, and which versions. This information is often contained within the greeting banners. In order to retrieve these, it is necessary to first make a connection, and then break the connection when the banner has been retrieved. This can be accomplished by specifying a small timeout with the -w flag, or perhaps by issuing a 'QUIT' command to the server:
Connection to host.example.com 25 port [tcp/smtp] succeeded!
The port range was specified to limit the search to ports 20 - 30.
Alternatively, it might be useful to know which server software is running, and which versions. This information is often contained within the greeting banners. In order to retrieve these, it is necessary to first make a connection, and then break the connection when the banner has been retrieved. This can be accomplished by specifying a small timeout with the -w flag, or perhaps by issuing a 'QUIT' command to the server:
UDP port scans will always succeed (i.e. report the port as open), rendering the -uz combination of flags relatively useless.
For more advanced port scanning, use nmap.
For more advanced port scanning, use nmap.
Examples
Open a TCP connection to port 42 of host.example.com, using port 31337 as the source port, with a timeout of 5 seconds:$ nc -p 31337 -w 5 host.example.com 42
Open a UDP connection to port 53 of host.example.com:
$ nc -u host.example.com 53
$ nc -u host.example.com 53
Open a TCP connection to port 42 of host.example.com using 10.1.2.3 as the IP for the local end of the connection:
$ nc -s 10.1.2.3 host.example.com 42
$ nc -s 10.1.2.3 host.example.com 42
Create and listen on a Unix Domain Socket:
$ nc -lU /var/tmp/dsocket
$ nc -lU /var/tmp/dsocket
Connect to port 42 of host.example.com via an HTTP proxy at 10.2.3.4, port 8080. This example could also be used by ssh(1); see the ProxyCommand directive in ssh_config(5) for more information.
$ nc -x10.2.3.4:8080 -Xconnect host.example.com 42
$ nc -x10.2.3.4:8080 -Xconnect host.example.com 42
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![Nc For Mac Nc For Mac](/uploads/1/1/8/9/118949830/806774155.jpg)
Related macOS comands:
Nc Mac Foundation
cat - Concatenate and print (display) the content of files.
ncat - Read and write data across networks (a rewrite of netcat as part of the larger nmap toolset).
ssh(1) - OpenSSH SSH client (remote login program).
ncat - Read and write data across networks (a rewrite of netcat as part of the larger nmap toolset).
ssh(1) - OpenSSH SSH client (remote login program).
Nc Machine Tools
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